Emotion, gesture and actio: laughter in Ab Vrbe Condita (II)
Keywords:
Latin historiography, Emotions, Gestuality, Rhetoric, Literary analysis, Argumentation, Characterization, Contrast, Roman didactic educationAbstract
In the first part of this paper (Talia dixit 5, 2010, 1-24), we analysed the general features of those passages in which Livy used laughter as a main or underlying theme, on the basis of a series of terms (risus /ridere; inridere/risus // arridere) whose application could allow us to infer the general concept of this particular emotion and gesture in AVC. Once this aspect has been examined, the main goal of this paper is not only the revision of those characteristics concerning this primary “emotion” within the context of the author’s work itself, but also the comprehensive study of such texts in order to highlight the way in which Livy set both the situation and the characters, creating a certain dramatic actio from which his historiographical and literary project benefitted. Only such an analysis helps us observe the rich spectrum of nuances used by the Paduan historian. Thus, we have intended to show in this paper how Livy obtained new effects by modifying and applying rhetorical theory; how he managed to make some of his characters singularly remembered by hearers or readers thanks to a selection of topics which fitted each of his particular purposes; and finally, how he was able to relate passages in different books and contexts through specific formulas that evoked in the recipient of his work the echo and image sought. Therefore, this paper will show a number of nuances higher than previously expected, since against presumptions, the encomium (praise) in Rome still generated lights and shadows
Downloads
References
BAL, M. (19906), Teoría de la narrativa. Madrid: Cátedra.
BARTHES, R. (1970), “L’ancienne rhétorique”, Communications 16, 172-236.
BERNARD, J.-E. (2000), Le portrait chez Tite-Live, Bruselas: Latomus.
CANTER, H.V. (1917), “Elements in Livy’s Direct Speeches”, American Journal of Philology 38, 140-2
CHAPLIN, J. D. (2000), Livy's Exemplary History, Oxford: University Press.
CODOÑER, C. (1986), Evolución del concepto de Historiografía en Roma, Barcelona: Universidad Autónoma.
CULLER, J. (20042ª), Breve introducción a la teoría literaria, trad. G. García, Barcelona: Crítica, Bibl. Bolsillo (= Literary Theory. A very short Introduction, Oxford, 1997).
DELARUELLE, L. (1913), “Les procédés de rédaction de Tite-Live étudiés dans une de ses narrations”, Revue de Philologie, de littérature et d'histoire anciennes 37,147-161.
DESBORDES, F. (1998), “La rhétorique et le rire selon Quintilien”, enM. Trédé-Ph. Hoffmann (eds.), Le rire des anciens, Actes du Colloque International 1995, París: Presses de l’École Normale Supérieure, pp. 307-314.
EVRARD, E. (1998), “Rupture et continuité dans la narration. Quelques procédés stylistiques chez Salluste et Tite-Live avec des observations relatives à Tacite”, en Ch. M. Ternes (ed.), Oratio soluta - oratio numerosa: les mécanismes linguistiques de cohésion et de rupture dans la prose latine, Luxemburgo: Centre Alexandre-Wiltheim, pp. 34-47.
FELDHERR, A. (1998), Spectacle and Society in Livy’s History, Berkeley, Los Ángeles y Londres: University of California Press.
GREIMAS, A. J. y COURTES, J. (1990), “Actante”, en Semiótica. Diccionario razonado de la teoría del lenguaje. Madrid: Gredos.
HALM, C. (ed.) (1964=1863), Rhetores Latini Minores, Frankfurt (= Lipsiae): Minerva.
HUS, A. (1974), “La versión livienne d’un récit Polibien: T.-Live 31,14,11-16,8; Pol. 16,25-29", Mélanges de Philosophie, de Littérature, et d’Histoire ancienne À P. Boyancé, Roma: École française de Rome, pp. 419-434.
KONSTAN, D. (1986), “Narrative and Ideology in Livy: Book 1”, Classical Antiquity 5, 198-215.
KRAUS, Chr. S. (ed.) (1994), Livy Ab urbe condita, Book VI, Cambridge: University Press.
JAL, P. (1971), Ab Vrbe Condita, t. 31, vol. 41-2, París: Les Belles Lettres.
LA PENNA, A. (1976), “Il retrato ‘paradossale’ da Silla a Petronio”, Rivista di Filologia e di Istruzione Classica 104, 270–293.
LAUSBERG, H. (1975), Manual de retórica literaria, tr. J. Pérez Riesco, Madrid: Gredos.
LEOPOLD, E. F. (19252ª), Lexicon graeco-latinum manuale ex optimis libris concinnatum, Lipsiae: Bär & Hermann.
LEVENE, D.S. (1997), “Pity, fear, and the historical audience: Tacitus on the fall of Vitellius”, en S. Morton Braund y Chr. Gilln (eds.), The passions in Roman Thought and Literature, Cambridge: University Press, pp. 128-149.
LO CASCIO, V. (1998=1991), Gramática de la argumentación, tr. de D. Casacuberta, Madrid: Alianza (Firenze: La Nuova Italia Ed.).
MORENO FERRERO, I. (2010), “Emoción, gesto y actio: la risa en el Ab Vrbe Condita(I)”, Talia Dixit 5, 1-24.
OAKLEY, S.P. (1997-98), A Commentary on Livy, Vol. I (Int.- vol. VI), Oxford: University Press.
PLANTIN, Chr. (1998), La argumentación, Barcelona: Ariel.
PROPP, V. (1928, 20094ª), Morfología del cuento, Madrid: Akal.
RAMBAUD, M. (1970), “Recherches sur le portrait dans l’historiographie romaine”, Les Études classiques 38, 417-47.
WALSH, P.G. (1955), “Livy’s Preface and the Distortion of History”, AmericanJournal of Philology 76, 369-383.
